Table 1

Time until reaching FiO₂ 0.05 from the set target when decreasing FiO₂ from 1.0 to 0.5 and increasing from 0.3 to 0.6. One-way ANOVA for comparison. * Post hoc test Bonferroni

FiO₂ change	Leak	Tidal volume	System	Dead space	Mean time sec		One-way ANOVA Mean difference (p value*)
FiO₂ change	Leak	Tidal volume	System	Dead space	Mean time sec		rPAP mask	Neopuff mask	rPAP prongs
1.0–>0.5	Yes	4 mL	rPAP	13 mL	66.7	One-way ANOVA	NA	2.9 (<0.001)	34.4 (<0.001)
			Neopuff	13 mL	69.6		2.9 (<0.001)	NA	37.3 (>0.001)
			rPAP	Prongs	32.3		34.4 (<0.001)	37.3 (>0.001)	NA
		10 mL	rPAP	26 mL	83.0	One-way ANOVA	NA	4.1 (<0.001)	64.6 (<0.001)
			Neopuff	26 mL	78.9		4.1 (<0.001)	NA	60.5 (<0.001)
			rPAP	Prongs	18.3		64.6 (<0.001)	60.5 (<0.001)	NA
	No	4 mL	rPAP	13 mL	154.6	One-way ANOVA	NA	18.1 (<0.001)	121.3 (<0.001)
			Neopuff	13 mL	172.7		18.1 (<0.001)	NA	139.4 (<0.001)
			rPAP	Prongs	33.3		121.3 (<0.001)	139.4 (<0.001)	NA
		10 mL	rPAP	26 mL	143.8	One-way ANOVA	NA	9.6 (<0.001)	125.5 (<0.001)
			Neopuff	26 mL	153.4		9.6 (<0.001)	NA	135.1 (<0.001)
			rPAP	Prongs	18.3		125.5 (<0.001)	135.1 (<0.001)	NA
0.3–>0.6	Yes	4 mL	rPAP	13 mL	47.1	One-way ANOVA	NA	4.3 (<0.001)	23.3 (<0.001)
			Neopuff	13 mL	51.4		4.3 (<0.001)	NA	27.6) (<0.001)
			rPAP	Prongs	23.8		23.3 (<0.001)	27.6<0.001)	NA
		10 mL	rPAP	26 mL	56.2	One-way ANOVA	NA	0.7 (0.01)	42.9 (<0.001)
			Neopuff	26 mL	55.5		0.7 (0.01)	NA	42.2 (<0.001)
			rPAP	Prongs	13.3		42.9 (<0.001)	42.2 (<0.001)	NA
	No	4 mL	rPAP	13 mL	113.1	One-way ANOVA	NA	24.5 (<0.001)	88.1<0.001)
			Neopuff	13 mL	137.6		24.5 (<0.001)	NA	112.6 (<0.001)
			rPAP	Prongs	25.0		88.1 (<0.001)	112.6 (<0.001)	NA
		10 mL	rPAP	26 mL	103.7	One-way ANOVA	NA	11.9 (<0.001)	88.9 (<0.001)
			Neopuff	26 mL	115.6		11.9 (<0.001)	NA	100.8 (<0.001)
			rPAP	Prongs	14.8		88.9 (<0.001)	100.8 (<0.001)	NA

ANOVA, analysis of variance; FiO₂, fraction of inspired oxygen.